{"id":1209,"date":"2025-11-03T13:42:43","date_gmt":"2025-11-03T13:42:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/easyglobalconsulting.com\/?page_id=1209"},"modified":"2026-03-11T16:25:12","modified_gmt":"2026-03-11T16:25:12","slug":"savoir_4","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/easyglobalconsulting.com\/index.php\/savoir_4\/","title":{"rendered":"savoir+_4"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
<\/span>
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Telecommunications antenna for radio, television and telephone with cloud and blue sky<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udd12 5. Avantages et inconv\u00e9nients<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2705 Avantages<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • Installation rapide (pas besoin de c\u00e2bles)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Co\u00fbt r\u00e9duit sur longue distance<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Bonne flexibilit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • D\u00e9bit \u00e9lev\u00e9 possible (jusqu\u2019\u00e0 plusieurs Gbit\/s)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    \u274c Inconv\u00e9nients<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • Sensible aux conditions m\u00e9t\u00e9o (pluie, brouillard)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • N\u00e9cessite une ligne de vis\u00e9e d\u00e9gag\u00e9e<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • S\u00e9curit\u00e9 et interf\u00e9rences \u00e0 surveiller<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Port\u00e9e limit\u00e9e par la puissance et la fr\u00e9quence<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      \ud83e\udde0 6. Applications courantes<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • Interconnexion de sites d\u2019entreprise (bureaux, usines, antennes relais)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Transmission t\u00e9l\u00e9com (Internet, t\u00e9l\u00e9phonie mobile, t\u00e9l\u00e9vision)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • R\u00e9seaux de secours ou militaires<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Acc\u00e8s Internet dans les zones rurales<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        \ud83d\udef0\ufe0f 7. Objectif final<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        \n

        Assurer une connexion haut d\u00e9bit fiable et sans fil<\/strong> entre des points distants, en compl\u00e9ment ou en remplacement de la fibre optique.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

        \n

        Liaisons Hertziennes.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        Voici une explication claire et structur\u00e9e sur le th\u00e8me :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \ud83d\udce1 Les Liaisons Hertziennes \u2014 Explication compl\u00e8te<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n\n

        \ud83c\udf0d 1. D\u00e9finition<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        Une liaison hertzienne<\/strong> est un moyen de communication sans fil<\/strong> qui utilise les ondes \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tiques<\/strong> (dites ondes hertziennes<\/em>) pour transmettre des informations entre deux points<\/strong>, sans passer par un c\u00e2ble physique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n

        En r\u00e9sum\u00e9 : c\u2019est une connexion radio<\/strong> entre deux antennes (ou plus) permettant de transporter de la voix, des donn\u00e9es ou des images.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

        \n\n\n\n

        \u2699\ufe0f 2. Principe de fonctionnement<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        Les liaisons hertziennes fonctionnent sur le principe suivant :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        1. Une antenne \u00e9mettrice<\/strong> envoie un signal radio vers une antenne r\u00e9ceptrice<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        2. Ce signal est modul\u00e9<\/strong> pour transporter des donn\u00e9es (voix, Internet, vid\u00e9o\u2026).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        3. La communication se fait via les ondes \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tiques<\/strong> dans l\u2019air.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

          Ces ondes se propagent dans la ligne de vis\u00e9e directe<\/strong> (Line of Sight<\/em>), c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire qu\u2019il ne doit pas y avoir d\u2019obstacle (b\u00e2timent, montagne, etc.) entre les antennes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n\n\n\n

          \ud83d\udd22 3. Les bandes de fr\u00e9quences utilis\u00e9es<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          Les liaisons hertziennes utilisent diff\u00e9rentes bandes de fr\u00e9quences radio<\/strong>, selon la port\u00e9e et la qualit\u00e9 voulue :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Bande<\/th>Fr\u00e9quence approximative<\/th>Usage<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
          UHF<\/td>300 MHz \u2013 3 GHz<\/td>T\u00e9l\u00e9vision, communications mobiles<\/td><\/tr>
          SHF<\/td>3 GHz \u2013 30 GHz<\/td>Faisceaux hertziens, Wi-Fi longue port\u00e9e<\/td><\/tr>
          EHF<\/td>> 30 GHz<\/td>5G, liaisons satellites, tr\u00e8s haut d\u00e9bit<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
          \n\n\n\n

          \ud83d\ude80 4. Types de liaisons hertziennes<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
          Type<\/th>Description<\/th>Exemple<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
          Point \u00e0 point<\/strong><\/td>Une antenne \u00e9met vers une seule autre<\/td>Lien entre deux b\u00e2timents<\/td><\/tr>
          Point \u00e0 multipoint<\/strong><\/td>Une antenne centrale \u00e9met vers plusieurs stations<\/td>R\u00e9seaux Internet sans fil, 4G\/5G<\/td><\/tr>
          Satellite<\/strong><\/td>Transmission via un satellite en orbite<\/td>TV satellite, communications mondiales<\/td><\/tr>
          Wi-Fi \/ WiMAX<\/strong><\/td>Liaisons locales ou r\u00e9gionales<\/td>R\u00e9seaux d\u2019entreprise ou urbains<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
          \n\n\n\n

          <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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